---
schema_type: "SoftwareApplication"
entity_type: "Mobile Application"
app_name: "ZoomNotes"
developer_entity: "Deliverance Software Ltd"
bundle_id: "com.zoom-notes.zoomnotes"
app_store_id: "462234530"
category: "Productivity"
primary_platform: "ios"
primary_monetization: "Paid"
offline_capable: false
market_region: "US"
platforms: "iOS"
app_last_updated: "2026-05-11"
report_date: "2026-10-27"
last_verified: "2026-10-27T00:00:00.000Z"
report_version: "9.1.23"
total_reviews: 903
overall_rating: 4.5
sentiment: "Excited"
sentiment_score: 75
confidence: "medium"
confidence_score: 0.65
top_praise_theme: "Extensive customization tools allow users to build personalized digital planners that replace multiple specialized applications"
top_complaint_theme: "Steep learning curve and lack of intuitive documentation frustrate new users attempting to master complex features"
review_sample_size: 265
total_review_count: 265
analyzed_review_count: 60
data_age_days: 19
momentum_velocity: "steady"
intelligence_version: 13
nemesis: "Goodnotes: AI Notes, Docs, PDF"
competitor_count: 28
tags: ["productivity", "paid", "excited sentiment", "mobile app", "app review", "app analysis", "students,", "professionals,", "digital"]
canonical_url: "https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-zoom-notes-zoomnotes"
license: "CC-BY-NC 4.0"
content_version: "v2"
---

# ZoomNotes Intelligence Report

## TL;DR {#tldr}

- **Category**: Productivity · Paid
- **Signal**: Rating 4.53 · Sentiment Excited
- **Recent focus**: Steep learning curve and lack of intuitive documentation frustrate new users attempting to master complex features (top complaint) · Extensive customization tools allow users to build personalized digital planners that replace multiple specialized applications (top praise)

> **TL;DR:** ZoomNotes is a productivity app by Deliverance Software Ltd, rated 4.53/5 by 903 users, with Excited user sentiment (75/100), available on iOS.
>
> **Marlvel.ai App Intelligence** - Independent analysis. US Market. No publisher influence.

<!-- speakable-start -->
> **Key Insight:** ZoomNotes maintains Excited user sentiment (4.53/5 from 903 reviews), with users consistently praising extensive customization tools allow users to build personalized digital planners that replace multiple specialized applications.
<!-- speakable-end -->

## Quick Facts

| Fact | Value |
| :--- | :--- |
| **Rating** | 4.53/5 (903 reviews) |
| **User Mood** | Excited |
| **Category** | Productivity |
| **Developer** | Deliverance Software Ltd |
| **Pricing** | Paid |
| **Platforms** | iOS |
| **Confidence** | Medium (0.65/1.0) |
| **Data Age** | 19d |

## Metadata & Market Performance
- **Publisher:** Deliverance Software Ltd
- **Category:** Productivity
- **Target Audience:** Students, professionals, and digital planners who require complex, hierarchical note-taking and whiteboard capabilities on iPad.
- **Platforms:** iOS
- **Version Reviewed:** 9.1.23
- **Report Date:** 2026-10-27
- **Signal Count:** 265 reviews analyzed
- **Confidence:** Medium (0.65/1.0)
- **App Store ID (iOS):** 462234530
- **Bundle ID:** com.zoom-notes.zoomnotes
- **Performance Trend:** Mixed
- **Data Window:** Analysis based on signals collected up to 2026-10-27

<!-- section:executive-snapshot -->
## Executive Snapshot
**What it is:** ZoomNotes is a visual note-taking and digital planning app for iPad, featuring infinite-canvas sketching and hierarchical sub-page nesting.
**Why users hire it:** Users choose ZoomNotes to consolidate complex, multi-layered planning workflows into a single, one-time purchase tool that avoids recurring subscription fees.
<!-- /section:executive-snapshot -->

<!-- section:features -->
## App DNA (Features & Intent)
- **[Differentiator] Sub-pages:** Allows nesting of pages within pages to create hierarchical visual files and sticky-note structures.
- **[Differentiator] Huge Zoom Range:** Infinite canvas zoom and rotation for whiteboard-style note-taking.
- **[Standard] Digital Planning Integration:** Imports PDF planners and links them to iOS Calendar and Reminder apps.
  * *User Intent:* Users want timely prompts to stay engaged without missing updates.
<!-- /section:features -->

<!-- section:market-position -->
## Market Position {#market-position}

ZoomNotes maintains a 4.53 rating across 903 ratings, positioning it as a specialized tool for power users. Its $7.99 price point serves as a direct alternative to the subscription-gated models of category leaders.
<!-- /section:market-position -->

## Monetization Strategy
- **Model:** Paid
- **Tiers:** One-time purchase at $7.99
- **Price:** iOS: $7.99
- **Analysis:** The one-time purchase model at $7.99 removes recurring subscription friction, targeting power users who prefer ownership over recurring billing.

<!-- section:sentiment -->
## 🟢 User Sentiment (Medium Confidence: 60 of 265 reviews analyzed) {#user-sentiment}
- **Overall Rating:** 4.53/5
- **Platform Split:** iOS 4.5/5 (903 ratings)
- **Overall Sentiment:** Excited

### Top Praises
- **Extensive customization tools allow users to build personalized digital planners that replace multiple specialized applications**
- **Direct integration with system calendars and reminders provides a functional advantage over standard note-taking competitors**
- **Responsive developer engagement through community channels fosters a sense of partnership and continuous product improvement**

### Top Complaints (Impact Areas)

- **Steep learning curve and lack of intuitive documentation frustrate new users attempting to master complex features**

<!-- /section:sentiment -->
<!-- section:swot -->
## SWOT Analysis {#swot}

**Core Strengths:**
- Sub-page nesting enables hierarchical file structures that replace multiple specialized applications.
- Infinite-canvas sketching supports complex visual planning beyond standard document limits.

**Growth Levers:**
- Localized pricing in high-ARPU markets could capture users rejecting subscription models.


<!-- /section:swot -->
## Recent Changes (v12 → v13) {#recent-changes}

The competitive assessment has pivoted to highlight the risks of an iPad-only, one-time purchase model in a market increasingly defined by cross-platform synchronization. The app's inability to match the desktop-sync capabilities of rivals like Goodnotes is now identified as a primary threat to its long-term professional viability.

**Overall trend**: Mixed
**Compared at**: 2026-10-27

### High-impact changes
- **[Shifted] Monetization model risk** (positioning)

### Medium-impact changes
- **[Added] Desktop synchronization threat** (swot)
- **[Shifted] Competitive feature gaps** (features)

<!-- section:rivals -->
## Rivals Landscape {#rivals}

> Competitive positioning identified by AI analysis of app features, category, and market signals.

### ZoomNotes vs Goodnotes: AI Notes, Docs, PDF
- **[Goodnotes: AI Notes, Docs, PDF](https://marlvel.ai/apps/goodnotes-ai-notes-docs-pdf)**: Both applications target students and professionals requiring complex whiteboard and note-taking capabilities on iPad, creating a direct conflict for users choosing between a one-time purchase and a subscription-based model.
  - **Key differences:**
    - Goodnotes provides native cross-platform synchronization across iPad, iPhone, and Mac, while ZoomNotes lacks a desktop version.
    - Goodnotes gates advanced AI features behind a subscription, whereas ZoomNotes maintains a one-time purchase model.
    - Goodnotes includes Study Sets for academic organization, a feature absent in the ZoomNotes feature set.

### Contenders (Strong Challengers)
- **[Microsoft OneNote: Save Notes](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-microsoft-onenote)**: Both applications target students and professionals requiring digital ink and complex note-taking on tablets, creating direct overlap in the digital planning and sketching segment.
  - OneNote provides Copilot integration for AI-assisted organization, whereas ZoomNotes lacks native AI-driven search and organization tools.
  - OneNote offers free cross-platform synchronization via Microsoft accounts, while ZoomNotes requires a one-time purchase for each platform.
- **[Notability: AI Note Journal](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-gingerlabs-notability)**: Both applications target students and professionals requiring complex note-taking and annotation on iPad, creating direct competition for the same productivity-focused user base.
  - Notability provides real-time audio-to-ink synchronization for lecture capture, a feature absent in ZoomNotes.
  - Notability includes AI-driven study tools for quiz generation, whereas ZoomNotes focuses on manual hierarchical document organization.
- **Noteful: Notes & PDF Markup**: Both applications target iPad users focused on handwriting and PDF annotation, creating direct competition for students and professionals seeking digital planning tools.
  - Noteful utilizes a custom InfiniteStroke vector ink engine for high-resolution handwriting, while ZoomNotes prioritizes hierarchical sub-page nesting.
  - Noteful provides a free entry point for PDF markup, whereas ZoomNotes requires a $7.99 upfront purchase.
- **[Evernote: AI Notes & Notebook](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-evernote-iphone-evernote)**: Both applications target professionals and students requiring complex note-taking and organizational tools, creating a direct conflict between ZoomNotes' visual planning focus and Evernote's centralized document repository.
  - Evernote includes a web clipper for capturing external content, a feature currently absent in ZoomNotes.
  - Evernote integrates AI-powered tools for search and organization, which are not available in the current ZoomNotes build.
- **[Kilonotes-Notes & Mark up PDF](https://marlvel.ai/apps/kilonotes-notes-mark-up-pdf)**: Both apps target users requiring handwriting and PDF annotation on iPad, competing for the same student and professional demographic despite different monetization models.
  - Kilonotes integrates an AI assistant for knowledge organization, while ZoomNotes relies on manual hierarchical sub-pages.
  - Kilonotes uses a freemium model with subscription-gated features, whereas ZoomNotes maintains a one-time purchase price point.
- **[Notedrafts: Note Taking](https://marlvel.ai/apps/notedrafts-note-taking)**: Notedrafts competes for the same digital planning and note-taking audience by offering a free entry point for PDF markup and freeform canvas sketching, directly challenging the paid model of ZoomNotes.
  - Notedrafts provides built-in customizable templates for habit trackers and calendars, whereas ZoomNotes requires manual setup for similar planning structures.
  - Notedrafts offers a free-to-use model, contrasting with the $7.99 one-time purchase requirement for ZoomNotes.
- **Penjo: Pencil Journal, Planner**: Both apps target iPad users focused on digital planning and Apple Pencil workflows, creating direct competition for users seeking to replace paper-based scheduling and journaling.
  - Penjo provides native Apple Journaling Suggestions for automated entry creation; ZoomNotes requires manual input for all content.
  - Penjo includes native synchronization across Mac and Vision Pro; ZoomNotes lacks a native desktop application.
- **Note Taker HD**: Both applications target iPad users requiring handwritten note-taking and PDF annotation, competing directly for the same productivity-focused user base at a low one-time purchase price point.
  - Note Taker HD provides a thumbnail-based document navigation system for visual file management.
  - Note Taker HD includes built-in AirPlay control for presentation-style note-taking on external displays.
- **[Fullnotes: PDF Notes & Canvas](https://marlvel.ai/apps/fullnotes-pdf-notes-canvas)**: Both applications target iPad users requiring infinite canvas environments for PDF annotation and visual project planning.
  - Fullnotes includes dedicated mindmap tools for spatial brainstorming on the canvas.
  - Fullnotes features built-in sticky note functionality for quick annotations.
- **[OpenNotes: Notes & PDF Markup](https://marlvel.ai/apps/opennotes-notes-pdf-markup)**: Both applications target iPad users requiring handwriting and PDF annotation, though they diverge on the trade-off between feature depth and data privacy.
  - OpenNotes enforces local-only storage, whereas ZoomNotes supports complex hierarchical file structures and sub-page nesting.
  - OpenNotes provides a fully free experience, while ZoomNotes charges a one-time $7.99 fee for advanced tools.

### Peers (What They Do Better)
- **Freenotes - Notes Taking & PDF**: Freenotes competes for the same student and professional audience by offering AI-driven summarization and document analysis as a free alternative to ZoomNotes.
  - Built-in AI assistant for instant document summarization and grammar checking
  - Free tier access to advanced handwriting and PDF annotation tools
- **Planmore: Schedule Planner App**: Planmore overlaps with the digital planning functionality of ZoomNotes by integrating calendar, task, and note management into a single interface.
  - Page-flipping interface mimics physical paper planners for schedule viewing
  - Unified dashboard for calendars, tasks, reminders, and notes
- **[Notes Writer Pro: Beyond PDFs](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-kairoos-noteswriterpro)**: Notes Writer Pro serves the same professional user base as ZoomNotes but focuses on structured document creation rather than infinite-canvas sketching.
  - Support for academic document templates like MLA and APA
  - Standalone writing environment with offline-capable file management
- **Digital Planner for iPad**: Digital Planner for iPad targets the same planning demographic as ZoomNotes but prioritizes calendar synchronization over complex infinite-canvas features.
  - Native synchronization between Google and Apple calendars
  - Optimized for Apple Pencil input in a dedicated planning environment
- **[Cardflow+ by Qrayon](https://marlvel.ai/apps/cardflow-by-qrayon)**: Cardflow+ offers a visual, non-linear workspace that appeals to the same creative professionals who use ZoomNotes for brainstorming.
  - Inkflow vector ink system for high-quality sketching on index cards
  - Spatial arrangement of cards on a free-form canvas
- **[PDF Pro - Reader Editor Forms](https://marlvel.ai/apps/pdf-pro-reader-editor-forms)**: PDF Pro competes with the PDF annotation capabilities of ZoomNotes, though it forces a subscription model that contrasts with the one-time purchase approach.
  - Professional-grade form filling and signature support
  - Distraction-free reading mode with hidden toolbars
- **[Ahmni: Infinite Canvas](https://marlvel.ai/apps/ahmni-infinite-canvas)**: Ahmni targets the same academic and self-regulated learning demographic as ZoomNotes by emphasizing mind mapping and spaced-repetition study systems.
  - Integrated Pomodoro timer and focus tools for study sessions
  - Goal cycle tracking based on established learning frameworks
- **[Endless Paper](https://marlvel.ai/apps/endless-paper)**: Endless Paper competes directly with the infinite-canvas sketching core of ZoomNotes by utilizing a high-performance vector engine.
  - Fractile rendering engine maintains 120 fps performance during zoom
  - Web publishing feature broadcasts canvases as interactive websites
- **Defter Notes**: Defter Notes provides an infinite canvas for spatial thinking that directly mirrors the core whiteboard environment of ZoomNotes.
  - Spatial thinking environment for connecting ideas and PDFs
  - Hierarchical space nesting for deep project organization
- **[Escape - Mind Map & Outline](https://marlvel.ai/apps/escape-mind-map-outline)**: Escape serves the same brainstorming and project-mapping audience as ZoomNotes by offering a dual-view architecture for visual organization.
  - Toggle between mind map canvases and structured outlines
  - Batch actions for managing complex task lists
- **[Pencil Planner: PencilTime](https://marlvel.ai/apps/pencil-planner-penciltime)**: Pencil Planner targets the same digital-planner user base as ZoomNotes by focusing on handwritten input for daily and monthly scheduling.
  - Unified planning across day, week, month, and year views
  - Flexible note pages integrated alongside structured planning tools
- **[Inclr: Mindmap Notes Organizer](https://marlvel.ai/apps/inclr-mindmap-notes-organizer)**: Inclr competes for the same power-user segment as ZoomNotes by offering a visual, spatial system for organizing information clusters.
  - Patented visual and spatial system for information organization
  - Consolidates tasks, apps, and notes into a single interface
- **[Note Taking Writing App](https://marlvel.ai/apps/note-taking-writing-app)**: Note Taking Writing App targets the same general note-taking audience as ZoomNotes but suffers from a lack of maintenance that makes it a legacy alternative.
  - Multi-format recording of text, photos, and audio
  - Notebook tagging system for basic organization
- **[Quick Notes - PDF Easy Notes!](https://marlvel.ai/apps/quick-notes-pdf-easy-notes)**: Quick Notes competes with the PDF annotation and handwriting features of ZoomNotes in a minimalist, distraction-free package.
  - PDF-native format for document-centric note taking
  - Integrated handwriting recognition and rich text editing
- **[Snapp Notes: Visual Memo](https://marlvel.ai/apps/snapp-notes-visual-memo)**: SnapNotes serves as a specialized storage utility for the visual notes and diagrams that users might otherwise manage within ZoomNotes.
  - Dedicated storage for visual notes separate from photo gallery
  - Folder-based organization for whiteboards and book pages
- **[Acto｜Handwritten Planner](https://marlvel.ai/apps/acto-handwritten-planner)**: Acto targets the same digital-planner audience as ZoomNotes by providing a structured, handwritten-first environment for project management.
  - Weekly spreads that automatically update with system calendar events
  - Dedicated project index and detail pages for handwritten planning
- **[Note Taking Quick](https://marlvel.ai/apps/note-taking-quick)**: Note Taking Quick competes for the same visual-focused note-taking audience as ZoomNotes by integrating calendar-based task tracking.
  - Calendar-integrated note management for visual task tracking
  - Multi-format note creation including text, images, and drawings

<!-- /section:rivals -->
<!-- section:whats-new -->
## What's New

- **Latest (v9.1.23, 2 months ago):** Introduced deep linking for events and reminders, allowing users to attach direct links when creating or adding items.
<!-- /section:whats-new -->

<!-- section:momentum -->
## App Momentum (Steady) {#momentum}

- Ships monthly updates on average.
- Introduced event and reminder linking.

> **Cadence:** 10 total versions · 7 majors in last 6 months · 79 days since last update · 20 days avg between updates

<!-- /section:momentum -->

<!-- section:so-what -->
## The "So What?" (Strategic Takeaway) {#so-what}

ZoomNotes is a market-leading productivity app that is a paid app.
With a 4.53/5 rating from 903 reviews, it delivers strong user satisfaction.

<!-- speakable-start -->
> **Bottom Line:** ZoomNotes provides a stable value proposition for power users who reject subscription-based monetization, but the current data-loss incidents threaten its viability for professional workflows. Addressing stability would unlock higher retention among the core power-user segment.
<!-- speakable-end -->

**Best for:** Students, professionals, and digital planners who require complex, hierarchical note-taking and whiteboard capabilities on iPad.

<!-- section:pm-actions -->
### PM Action Plan (Next Best Moves)

- [ ] [INVEST] Audit crash-recovery logic because users report data loss incidents → restore professional trust.
<!-- /section:pm-actions -->

<!-- section:feature-gaps -->
### Feature Gaps vs Competitors


- Native desktop synchronization (available in Goodnotes but missing here).
<!-- /section:feature-gaps -->

<!-- section:outlook -->
### Outlook: Mixed

The digital planning market is consolidating around cross-platform accessibility, leaving ZoomNotes exposed due to its iPad-only focus. Unless the developer addresses the stability issues and expands to desktop, the app will remain a niche tool rather than a primary productivity platform.

- 🔴 Data loss incidents following crashes erode trust for professional use, which compounds the churn pressure from subscription-backed rivals.
- 🟢 Steady monthly release cadence demonstrates active feature investment, which maintains the app's relevance for power users despite stability issues.
<!-- /section:outlook -->

<!-- /section:so-what -->

<!-- section:metrics -->
## Key Metrics Summary

| Metric | Value |
| :--- | :--- |
| Overall Rating | 4.53/5 |
| Total Reviews | 903 |
| Sentiment | Excited (75/100) |
| Confidence | Medium |
| Pricing Model | Paid |
| Platforms | iOS |
| Key Features | 3 analyzed |
| Trend | Mixed |
| Outlook | Mixed |
<!-- /section:metrics -->

## Competitor Comparison

| App | Rating | Sentiment | Developer |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **ZoomNotes** (this app) | 4.53/5 | Excited | Deliverance Software Ltd |
| [Notability: AI Notes & PDF app](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-gingerlabs-notability) | 4.8/5 | n/a | Ginger Labs |
| [Microsoft OneNote](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-microsoft-onenote) | 4.7/5 | n/a | Microsoft Corporation |
| [Evernote - Notes Organizer](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-evernote-iphone-evernote) | 4.4/5 | n/a | Evernote Corporation |
| [Notes Writer Pro 2026](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-kairoos-noteswriterpro) | 4.6/5 | N/A | Kairoos Solutions SL |
| [Goodnotes: AI Notes, Docs, PDF](https://marlvel.ai/apps/goodnotes-ai-notes-docs-pdf) | 4.7/5 | n/a | Goodnotes Limited |

## Company Profile
- **Developer:** Deliverance Software Ltd

## Data Sources & Links
- **App Store ID:** 462234530
- **Sources:** App store metadata, User reviews.

## Related Intel Reports
- [*Notability: AI Notes & PDF app*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-gingerlabs-notability) (Ginger Labs) · 4.8/5 Rating
- [*Microsoft OneNote*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-microsoft-onenote) (Microsoft Corporation) · 4.7/5 Rating
- [*Evernote - Notes Organizer*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-evernote-iphone-evernote) (Evernote Corporation) · 4.4/5 Rating
- [*Notes Writer Pro 2026*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-kairoos-noteswriterpro) (Kairoos Solutions SL) · 4.6/5 Rating
- [*Goodnotes: AI Notes, Docs, PDF*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/goodnotes-ai-notes-docs-pdf) (Goodnotes Limited) · 4.7/5 Rating
- [*Cardflow+ by Qrayon*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/cardflow-by-qrayon) (Qrayon, LLC) · 4.6/5 Rating
- [*PDF Pro - Reader Editor Forms*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/pdf-pro-reader-editor-forms) (Dominic Rodemer) · 4.7/5 Rating
- [*Quick Notes - PDF Easy Notes!*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/quick-notes-pdf-easy-notes) (Kairoos Solutions SL) · 5.0/5 Rating
- [*Kilonotes-Notes & Mark up PDF*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/kilonotes-notes-mark-up-pdf) (Hefei T-Stack Information Technology Co., Ltd.) · 4.6/5 Rating
- [*Note Taking Writing App*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/note-taking-writing-app) (Irina Tiukalova) · 2.8/5 Rating

## Frequently Asked Questions {#faq}

### Is ZoomNotes better than Goodnotes for digital planning?

ZoomNotes offers superior hierarchical organization through sub-pages and an infinite canvas, while Goodnotes provides better cross-platform synchronization and a larger user base.

### Does ZoomNotes require a subscription?

No, ZoomNotes uses a one-time purchase model at $7.99, avoiding the recurring subscription fees found in many competing note-taking apps.

### Is ZoomNotes safe for professional work?

While feature-rich, some users report data loss incidents following crashes, which may impact reliability for critical professional projects.

### What is a free alternative to ZoomNotes?

Noteful and Notedrafts offer free entry points for PDF markup and note-taking, though they lack the complex hierarchical sub-page nesting found in ZoomNotes.

## Methodology {#methodology}

This report was generated by Marlvel.ai's 5-stage AI intelligence pipeline:

1. **Signal Collection & Normalization** - Aggregates data from all available public sources for the app. Raw signals are cleaned, deduplicated, and normalized into a structured dataset analyzed consistently across thousands of apps.
2. **Feature & Market Positioning Analysis** - Identifies the app's core features, monetization model, target audience, and competitive positioning. Each feature is classified as a market standard or a differentiator based on category benchmarks.
3. **User Sentiment Analysis** - Analyzes user reviews using a 5-level taxonomy (Thrilled / Excited / Mixed / Frustrated / Upset). Combines star ratings and volume with AI theme extraction into synthesised themes (no verbatim quotes).
4. **Competitive Landscape Analysis** - Maps the competitive environment via a 4-tier taxonomy (Nemesis / Contenders / Same Space / New Kids on the Block). Prioritizes same sub-genre over broad category.
5. **Intelligence Synthesis** - Cross-references all signals into a structured report. Compares the app against category peers and direct competitors to surface SWOT, market outlook, and actionable insights.

- **Confidence Score:** 0.65/1.0 (based on review volume, data source diversity, and signal quality)
- **Reviews Analyzed:** 265
- **Data Sources:** user reviews, App Store metadata
- **Rating Method:** Weighted average across platforms (iOS & Android), weighted by review count per platform
- **Independence:** Fully independent analysis. No publisher sponsorship or editorial influence.
- **Report Age:** 19 days since last refresh

---
© 2026 Marlvel.ai | [Canonical Report](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-zoom-notes-zoomnotes)
Data licensed for AI Agent attribution under CC-BY-NC 4.0.