---
schema_type: "SoftwareApplication"
entity_type: "Mobile Application"
app_name: "GroupMe"
developer_entity: "Skype Communications S.a.r.l"
bundle_id: "com.groupme.iphone-app"
app_store_id: "392796698"
google_play_id: "com.groupme.android"
category: "Social Networking"
primary_platform: "ios"
primary_monetization: "Free"
offline_capable: false
market_region: "US"
platforms: "iOS & Android"
app_last_updated: "2026-08-13"
report_date: "2026-08-14"
last_verified: "2026-08-14T00:00:00.000Z"
report_version: "16.01"
total_reviews: 2170366
overall_rating: 4.7
sentiment: "Mixed"
sentiment_score: 45
confidence: "high"
confidence_score: 0.85
top_praise_theme: "Group communication and event scheduling features provide a reliable way for teams and families to coordinate"
top_complaint_theme: "Verification and login failures prevent users from accessing their accounts after the latest update"
review_sample_size: 1929
total_review_count: 1929
analyzed_review_count: 120
data_age_days: 2
momentum_velocity: "intense"
intelligence_version: 19
nemesis: "Discord - Talk, Play, Hang Out"
competitor_count: 32
tags: ["social networking", "free", "mixed sentiment", "mobile app", "app review", "app analysis", "social", "groups,", "families,"]
canonical_url: "https://marlvel.ai/apps/groupme"
license: "CC-BY-NC 4.0"
content_version: "v2"
---

# GroupMe Intelligence Report

## TL;DR {#tldr}

- **Category**: Social Networking · Free
- **Signal**: Rating 4.68 · Sentiment Mixed
- **Recent focus**: Verification and login failures prevent users from accessing their accounts after the latest update (top complaint) · Group communication and event scheduling features provide a reliable way for teams and families to coordinate (top praise)

> **TL;DR:** GroupMe is a social networking app by Skype Communications S.a.r.l, rated 4.68/5 by 2.2M users, with Mixed user sentiment (45/100), available on iOS & Android.
>
> **Marlvel.ai App Intelligence** - Independent analysis. US Market. No publisher influence.

<!-- speakable-start -->
> **Key Insight:** GroupMe shows Mixed sentiment (4.68/5 from 2.2M reviews) - users praise group communication and event scheduling features provide a reliable way for teams and families to coordinate but report issues with verification and login failures prevent users from accessing their accounts after the latest update.
<!-- speakable-end -->

## Quick Facts

| Fact | Value |
| :--- | :--- |
| **Rating** | 4.68/5 (2.2M reviews) |
| **User Mood** | Mixed |
| **Category** | Social Networking |
| **Developer** | Skype Communications S.a.r.l |
| **Pricing** | Free |
| **Platforms** | iOS & Android |
| **Confidence** | High (0.85/1.0) |
| **Data Age** | 2d |

## Metadata & Market Performance
- **Publisher:** Skype Communications S.a.r.l
- **Category:** Social Networking
- **Target Audience:** Social groups, families, roommates, and teams requiring a simple, cross-platform communication tool that bridges app users and SMS users.
- **Platforms:** iOS & Android
- **Version Reviewed:** 16.01
- **Report Date:** 2026-08-14
- **Signal Count:** 1929 reviews analyzed
- **Confidence:** High (0.85/1.0)
- **App Store ID (iOS):** 392796698
- **Bundle ID:** com.groupme.iphone-app
- **Google Play ID:** com.groupme.android
- **Performance Trend:** Mixed
- **Data Window:** Analysis based on signals collected up to 2026-08-14
- **Short Description:** Stay in touch with the people who matter most.

<!-- section:executive-snapshot -->
## Executive Snapshot
**What it is:** GroupMe is a cross-platform group messaging app for casual social circles that enables SMS-based participation for non-app users on iOS and Android.
**Why users hire it:** It removes the friction of requiring every group member to download an app, solving the coordination cost for fragmented social groups.
<!-- /section:executive-snapshot -->

<!-- section:features -->
## App DNA (Features & Intent)
- **[Differentiator] SMS-based Group Chat:** Allows non-app users to participate via standard text, functioning as a primary acquisition lever that expands the network effect of existing groups.
  * *User Intent:* Users want real-time communication within the app experience.
- **[Standard] Cross-Platform Web Access:** Synchronizes chat history to desktop browsers, increasing daily active usage time.
  * *User Intent:* Users are motivated by consistent progression and daily incentives.
- **[Standard] Gallery Memory Storage:** Automatically saves shared media, increasing session depth and retention by encouraging repeat visits to view historical content.
  * *User Intent:* Users seek social connection and competitive engagement with peers.
<!-- /section:features -->

<!-- section:market-position -->
## Market Position {#market-position}

GroupMe currently holds a top-10 position in the US Communication category. This rank, maintained despite recent technical regressions, signals that the SMS-bridge utility provides a strong enough retention moat to withstand temporary stability issues.
<!-- /section:market-position -->

## Monetization Strategy
- **Model:** Free
- **Tiers:** Free access to all features
- **Analysis:** GroupMe operates as a free, ad-supported utility with no visible subscription gates, prioritizing user growth and network density over direct monetization.

<!-- section:sentiment -->
## 🟡 User Sentiment (High Confidence: 120 of 1.9K reviews analyzed) {#user-sentiment}
- **Overall Rating:** 4.68/5
- **Platform Split:** iOS 4.7/5 (1.6M ratings) | Android 4.6/5 (611.2K ratings)
- **Overall Sentiment:** Mixed

### Top Praises
- **Group communication and event scheduling features provide a reliable way for teams and families to coordinate**
- **The absence of intrusive advertisements makes the messaging experience feel cleaner than competing social platforms**

### Top Complaints (Impact Areas)

- **Verification and login failures prevent users from accessing their accounts after the latest update**

<!-- /section:sentiment -->
<!-- section:swot -->
## SWOT Analysis {#swot}

**Core Strengths:**
- SMS-bridge lowers entry friction for casual groups
- Ad-free interface improves daily messaging experience

**Growth Levers:**
- Native polling tools would reduce feature-gap against BAND
- Event management integration would increase session depth


<!-- /section:swot -->
## Recent Changes (v18 → v19) {#recent-changes}

GroupMe has pivoted its market narrative to leverage its top-10 category rank as a buffer against ongoing technical regressions, while simultaneously acknowledging the competitive threat posed by feature-rich group management tools like BAND.

**Overall trend**: Mixed
**Compared at**: 2026-08-14

### High-impact changes
- **[Shifted] Market Position Narrative** (positioning)
- **[Added] Competitive Threat Update** (swot)

### Medium-impact changes
- **[Added] New Feature Gaps** (features)
- **[Added] Strategic Opportunities** (swot)
- **[Shifted] Contrarian Take** (positioning)

<!-- section:rivals -->
## Rivals Landscape {#rivals}

> Competitive positioning identified by AI analysis of app features, category, and market signals.

### GroupMe vs Discord - Talk, Play, Hang Out
- **[Discord - Talk, Play, Hang Out](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-hammerandchisel-discord)**: Discord competes for the same community chat audience by offering persistent, server-based spaces for real-time coordination, though it targets hobbyists rather than casual family groups.
  - **Key differences:**
    - Discord includes real-time screen sharing and interactive activities, while GroupMe focuses on simple text and media sharing.
    - Discord utilizes a complex server-channel architecture for organization, whereas GroupMe relies on flat, SMS-compatible group threads.
    - Discord offers a premium subscription tier for enhanced features, while GroupMe maintains a strictly free model.

### Contenders (Strong Challengers)
- **[Threads](https://marlvel.ai/apps/threads)**: Both platforms compete for the same social attention and coordination time, though GroupMe focuses on private, SMS-bridged utility while Threads targets public, Instagram-linked social discovery.
  - Threads uses Instagram account sync to populate social graphs, whereas GroupMe requires manual contact entry.
  - Threads integrates with the Fediverse to reduce switching costs, while GroupMe remains a closed, proprietary network.
- **[LINE](https://marlvel.ai/apps/jp-naver-line)**: LINE competes with GroupMe by targeting the same core messaging and calling utility, though it focuses on a lifestyle-integrated experience rather than GroupMe's SMS-based simplicity.
  - LINE offers a 21-language sticker library for cultural expression, whereas GroupMe lacks native expressive tools.
  - LINE integrates a MINI Apps tab for B2B transactions, while GroupMe remains strictly focused on communication.
- **[Yubo: Chat Meet & Make Friends](https://marlvel.ai/apps/yubo-chat-meet-make-friends)**: Both platforms compete for the social communication market, though GroupMe focuses on existing offline groups while Yubo targets new social discovery through interest-based matching.
  - Yubo mandates age verification to reduce regulatory risk, whereas GroupMe lacks this safety-first gate.
  - Yubo utilizes swipe-based discovery for new connections, while GroupMe relies on existing contact lists.
- **[BAND - App for all groups](https://marlvel.ai/apps/band-app-for-all-groups)**: BAND competes with GroupMe by targeting the same organized group coordination market, specifically sports teams and community organizations, while offering a more feature-rich utility suite.
  - Integrated bulletin-board structure allows for persistent content organization, whereas GroupMe relies on a linear chat flow.
  - Built-in survey and polling tools enable structured group decision-making, which GroupMe lacks natively.
- **[Yik Yak](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-yikyak-2)**: Both apps compete for the attention of college-aged users by facilitating social interaction, though they differ in their focus on private group coordination versus public anonymous posting.
  - Yik Yak uses geofenced anonymous posting to drive local engagement, while GroupMe relies on known-contact group messaging.
  - Yik Yak provides community guardrails for anonymous moderation, whereas GroupMe lacks native moderation tools for group chats.
- **[ZeeMee: Meet College Friends](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-zeemee-zeemee)**: Both apps compete for casual group coordination, with GroupMe serving general social circles and ZeeMee focusing on college-specific networking. They overlap in their goal to facilitate social connection through low-friction group entry.
  - ZeeMee provides a roommate-matching quiz for high-intent social connection, while GroupMe requires manual group creation.
  - ZeeMee includes a Backpack feature for brand partner distribution, whereas GroupMe limits media to standard gallery storage.
- **Flare - For Groups**: Flare competes for the same group organization audience by bundling event management, attendance tracking, and polls directly into the messaging interface, whereas GroupMe focuses on simple SMS-bridged communication.
  - Flare integrates QR code and geolocation-based attendance tracking for events, which GroupMe lacks.
  - Flare includes native polling and announcement walls to structure group engagement beyond simple message threads.
- **[Group RCS SMS and Email](https://marlvel.ai/apps/group-rcs-sms-and-email)**: Both apps target group communication, but GroupMe focuses on persistent multi-party social threads while Group RCS SMS and Email focuses on one-to-many broadcast utility.
  - Group RCS SMS and Email offers template-based messaging for bulk broadcasts, while GroupMe requires manual entry.
  - Group RCS SMS and Email supports smart group management for address book segments, unlike GroupMe's manual groups.
- **[Group Text Free](https://marlvel.ai/apps/group-text-free)**: Both apps target users requiring group communication via SMS, but Group Text Free focuses on mass messaging templates while GroupMe provides a persistent group chat environment.
  - Group Text Free supports unlimited photo attachments for mass messaging, whereas GroupMe relies on gallery storage.
  - Group Text Free provides template-based mass messaging, while GroupMe focuses on ongoing group conversation threads.

### Peers (What They Do Better)
- **[Google Meet](https://marlvel.ai/apps/google-meet)**: Integrates video conferencing into the Google Workspace workflow, serving as a professional alternative to GroupMe's casual coordination.
  - Zero-install web access for guests
  - Deep G-Suite integration
- **[Signal - Private Messenger](https://marlvel.ai/apps/org-whispersystems-signal)**: Provides a privacy-first messaging alternative for users who prioritize security over GroupMe's SMS-based accessibility.
  - Signal Protocol encryption
  - Nonprofit independence
- **[WhatsApp Messenger](https://marlvel.ai/apps/whatsapp-messenger)**: Serves as a global messaging utility that competes for the same casual group communication use cases as GroupMe.
  - End-to-end encryption
  - Lightweight footprint on older hardware
- **[Messenger](https://marlvel.ai/apps/messenger)**: Anchors communication to the Meta social graph, offering a broader social context than GroupMe's standalone group chats.
  - Meta AI assistant
  - Broadcast channels
- **[Grindr - Gay Dating & Chat](https://marlvel.ai/apps/grindr-gay-dating-chat)**: Targets a specific demographic through hyper-local proximity matching that exceeds the capabilities of general-purpose group tools.
  - Incognito mode
  - Location-based discovery
- **[Plato: Fun Multiplayer Games](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-platoapp-plato)**: Embeds multiplayer games into the chat interface to increase session depth beyond simple text coordination.
  - Integrated chat and gaming
  - Ad-free environment
- **[IMVU: Fun 3D Avatar Chat Game](https://marlvel.ai/apps/imvu-social-chat-avatar-app)**: Offers a 3D social simulation environment that provides a more immersive social experience than GroupMe's static chat.
  - 60-million-item library
  - Creator program
- **[Telegram Messenger](https://marlvel.ai/apps/telegram-messenger)**: Uses a cloud-synced architecture to handle large-scale communities that exceed GroupMe's typical group size.
  - 200,000-member group capacity
  - Open API for bots
- **[Marco Polo - Video Messenger](https://marlvel.ai/apps/co-happybits-marcopolo)**: Focuses on asynchronous video messaging to maintain connections without the scheduling friction of live calls.
  - Asynchronous video messaging
  - Sharecast feature
- **[Howbout: shared calendar](https://marlvel.ai/apps/howbout-shared-calendar)**: Combines shared calendar utility with group chat to solve the specific coordination pain points GroupMe users face.
  - Instant availability view
  - Event-specific chat
- **[Azar: Chat, Meet Friends](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-hpcnt-azar)**: Facilitates global social discovery through interest-based matching rather than existing social circles.
  - Interest-based matching
  - Advanced matching filters
- **[Boo App: Dating. Friends. Chat](https://marlvel.ai/apps/boo-app-dating-friends-chat)**: Uses personality psychology to match users, offering a deeper social connection than GroupMe's casual group chats.
  - Personality-based matching
  - Interest-based communities
- **[Gaze: Live Video Chat App](https://marlvel.ai/apps/video-chat-gaze)**: Provides live video chat for global social discovery, serving as a more active alternative to GroupMe's text-based groups.
  - Live video chat
  - Global connection focus
- **[SUGO-Online Chat Party](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-maker-sugo)**: Leverages voice-centric party rooms to create a social environment distinct from GroupMe's text-focused groups.
  - Party rooms
  - Virtual gifting
- **[Xena - Group Voice Party](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-xenalive-ios)**: Uses gamified voice rooms to drive social engagement, contrasting with GroupMe's utility-focused coordination.
  - PK team battles
  - Ludo mini-games
- **[Kik Messaging & Chat App](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-kik-chat)**: Offers anonymous, username-based communication that removes the phone number requirement present in GroupMe.
  - Username-based identity
  - Kik LIVE
- **[JusTalk - Video Chat & Calls](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-juphoon-justalk)**: Focuses on high-definition voice and video calling for personal communication, acting as a specialized utility.
  - High-quality voice and video calls
  - Call recording
- **[Text Me - Phone Call + Texting](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-textmeinc-textme2)**: Provides secondary phone numbers for privacy-conscious users who need a distinct identity from their primary GroupMe account.
  - Custom phone numbers
  - Free US and Canada calling
- **[Bump - real life is happening](https://marlvel.ai/apps/bump-hang-with-friends-irl)**: Uses location-based gamification to encourage social interaction, serving as a more active discovery tool than GroupMe.
  - Scratch map
  - Real-time location sharing
- **[SCRUFF - Gay Dating & Chat](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-appspot-scruffapp)**: Provides a privacy-focused social space for the LGBTQ+ community, operating independently of mainstream social networks.
  - Rich profile customization
  - Interaction tools

### New Kids on the Block (What's Innovative)
- **[Group Text Message](https://marlvel.ai/apps/group-text-message)**: Automates high-volume, personalized broadcasts for professionals, serving a different coordination need than GroupMe's casual groups.
  - Dynamic placeholders
  - Multi-channel broadcast
- **[Spells: Malleable Group Chat](https://marlvel.ai/apps/spells-malleable-group-chat)**: Enables the creation of interactive social artifacts within chat, adding a creative layer to group communication.
  - Custom mini-app creation
  - iMessage integration

<!-- /section:rivals -->
<!-- section:whats-new -->
## What's New

- **Latest (v15.90, 1 weeks ago):** Added custom font selection for events and a 'People You May Know' suggestion feature to improve social discovery.
<!-- /section:whats-new -->

<!-- section:momentum -->
## App Momentum (Intense) {#momentum}

- Ships ~5 releases per week.
- Added custom event fonts.
- Expanded friend discovery suggestions.

> **Cadence:** 5 total versions · 5 majors in last 6 months · 7 days since last update · 2 days avg between updates

<!-- /section:momentum -->

<!-- section:so-what -->
## The "So What?" (Strategic Takeaway) {#so-what}

GroupMe is a social networking app that is completely free.
With a 4.68/5 rating from 2.2M reviews, it shows mixed user reception.

<!-- speakable-start -->
> **Bottom Line:** GroupMe's SMS-bridge remains a powerful retention mechanism, but the current verification and notification instability risks alienating the core user base. Addressing these technical regressions is the only way to defend the platform against feature-rich rivals like BAND.
<!-- speakable-end -->

**Best for:** Social groups, families, roommates, and teams requiring a simple, cross-platform communication tool that bridges app users and SMS users.

<!-- section:pm-actions -->
### PM Action Plan (Next Best Moves)

- [ ] [PIVOT] Rebuild account verification flow because login failures are the top churn driver → restore new-user conversion
<!-- /section:pm-actions -->

<!-- section:feature-gaps -->
### Feature Gaps vs Competitors


- Integrated polling and surveys (available in BAND but missing here)
<!-- /section:feature-gaps -->

<!-- section:outlook -->
### Outlook: Mixed

The casual group coordination market is consolidating around tools that offer more than just text, with rivals like BAND providing integrated calendars and polls. GroupMe's maintenance-mode updates leave it exposed: unless the team resolves the current verification and notification regressions, the SMS-bridge utility will not be enough to prevent user migration to more reliable, feature-rich alternatives.

- 🔴 Verification failures in the latest release block account access, which directly compresses the new-user funnel and drives negative sentiment.
- 🔴 Inconsistent notification delivery erodes the daily active habit, compounding the churn risk against feature-rich rivals like BAND.
<!-- /section:outlook -->

<!-- /section:so-what -->

<!-- section:metrics -->
## Key Metrics Summary

| Metric | Value |
| :--- | :--- |
| Overall Rating | 4.68/5 |
| Total Reviews | 2.2M |
| Sentiment | Mixed (45/100) |
| Confidence | High |
| Pricing Model | Free |
| Platforms | iOS & Android |
| Key Features | 3 analyzed |
| Trend | Mixed |
| Outlook | Mixed |
<!-- /section:metrics -->

## Competitor Comparison

| App | Rating | Sentiment | Developer |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **GroupMe** (this app) | 4.68/5 | Mixed | Skype Communications S.a.r.l |
| [ZeeMee: Meet College Friends](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-zeemee-zeemee) | 4.7/5 | Mixed | ZeeMee |
| [Xena - Group Voice Party](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-xenalive-ios) | 4.3/5 | Excited | Derinfy Pte. Ltd |
| [Text Me - Phone Call + Texting](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-textmeinc-textme2) | 4.7/5 | n/a | TextMe, Inc. |
| [SCRUFF - Gay Dating & Chat](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-appspot-scruffapp) | 4.4/5 | N/A | Perry Street Software, Inc |
| [Yik Yak](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-yikyak-2) | 3.9/5 | N/A | Yik Yak, Inc. |

## Company Profile
- **Developer:** Skype Communications S.a.r.l
- **Website:** [https://groupme.com/](https://groupme.com/)
- **Social:** [Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/groupme) · [X/Twitter](https://twitter.com/groupme) · [TikTok](https://www.tiktok.com/@groupme)

## Data Sources & Links
- **App Store:** [View on Apple Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/groupme/id392796698?uo=4)
- **Google Play:** [View on Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.groupme.android&hl=en&gl=us)
- **Dev Site:** [Official Website](https://groupme.com/)
- **Sources:** Developer website content, App store metadata, User reviews.

## Related Intel Reports
- [*ZeeMee: Meet College Friends*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-zeemee-zeemee) (ZeeMee) · 4.7/5 Rating
- [*Xena - Group Voice Party*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-xenalive-ios) (Derinfy Pte. Ltd) · 4.3/5 Rating | Positive Sentiment
- [*Text Me - Phone Call + Texting*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-textmeinc-textme2) (TextMe, Inc.) · 4.7/5 Rating
- [*SCRUFF - Gay Dating & Chat*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-appspot-scruffapp) (Perry Street Software, Inc) · 4.4/5 Rating
- [*Yik Yak*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-yikyak-2) (Yik Yak, Inc.) · 3.9/5 Rating
- [*Gaze: Live Video Chat App*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/video-chat-gaze) (VLMedia Inc.) · 4.6/5 Rating
- [*Plato: Fun Multiplayer Games*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-platoapp-plato) (Plato Team Inc) · 4.7/5 Rating
- [*Azar: Chat, Meet Friends*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-hpcnt-azar) (Hyperconnect LLC) · 4.3/5 Rating
- [*Marco Polo - Video Messenger*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/co-happybits-marcopolo) (Joya Communications) · 4.8/5 Rating
- [*SUGO-Online Chat Party*](https://marlvel.ai/apps/com-maker-sugo) (MOBILE ALPHA LIMITED) · 2.9/5 Rating

## Frequently Asked Questions {#faq}

### Is GroupMe free to use?

Yes, GroupMe is a free, ad-supported messaging app that provides access to all features without subscription gates.

### How does GroupMe compare to Discord?

GroupMe focuses on simple, SMS-bridged communication for casual groups, whereas Discord offers persistent, server-based voice and video channels for hobbyist communities.

### Does GroupMe work for people who don't have the app?

Yes, GroupMe's SMS-bridge allows users without the app to participate in group chats via standard text messaging.

### What is a good alternative to GroupMe for organized teams?

BAND is a strong alternative for organized groups, as it includes built-in bulletin boards, surveys, and polling tools that GroupMe currently lacks.

## Methodology {#methodology}

This report was generated by Marlvel.ai's 5-stage AI intelligence pipeline:

1. **Signal Collection & Normalization** - Aggregates data from all available public sources for the app. Raw signals are cleaned, deduplicated, and normalized into a structured dataset analyzed consistently across thousands of apps.
2. **Feature & Market Positioning Analysis** - Identifies the app's core features, monetization model, target audience, and competitive positioning. Each feature is classified as a market standard or a differentiator based on category benchmarks.
3. **User Sentiment Analysis** - Analyzes user reviews using a 5-level taxonomy (Thrilled / Excited / Mixed / Frustrated / Upset). Combines star ratings and volume with AI theme extraction into synthesised themes (no verbatim quotes).
4. **Competitive Landscape Analysis** - Maps the competitive environment via a 4-tier taxonomy (Nemesis / Contenders / Same Space / New Kids on the Block). Prioritizes same sub-genre over broad category.
5. **Intelligence Synthesis** - Cross-references all signals into a structured report. Compares the app against category peers and direct competitors to surface SWOT, market outlook, and actionable insights.

- **Confidence Score:** 0.85/1.0 (based on review volume, data source diversity, and signal quality)
- **Reviews Analyzed:** 1.9K
- **Data Sources:** user reviews, developer website, App Store metadata
- **Rating Method:** Weighted average across platforms (iOS & Android), weighted by review count per platform
- **Independence:** Fully independent analysis. No publisher sponsorship or editorial influence.
- **Report Age:** 2 days since last refresh

---
© 2026 Marlvel.ai | [Canonical Report](https://marlvel.ai/apps/groupme)
Data licensed for AI Agent attribution under CC-BY-NC 4.0.